Generally, players of smaller stature and children under 12 years of age play on "fractional" instruments; these instruments allow the student to play on an instrument that better fits their size requirements before they move on to a full-sized one, if needed.
To get a rough idea of what size violin is needed (common fractionals are 1/16, 1/10, 1/8, 1/4, 1/2, 3/4 and 7/8) the following chart is arranged by age:
3 years or less: 1/16
4-5 years: 1/10
5-6 years: 1/8
6-7 years: 1/4
8-9 years: 1/2
10-11 years: 3/4
12 years +: 4/4 (full size)
To determine the best size for the student, measure from the neck to the mid-palm of the left hand, with the arm extended straight out, horizontal. The following chart is the minimum size that would be appropriate for each measurment:
23 inches: 4/4
22 inches: 3/4
20 inches: 1/2
18.5 inches: 1/4
16.5 inches: 1/8
15 inches: 1/10
14 inches: 1/16
Finally, to be certain that violin is the right size, have the student stand again with outstretched arm, palm down. Place the bottom of the violin upside down against student's body, and the have the student grasp the scroll. If the fingers reach around the scroll with the arm straight, this should be the appropriate size; if the fingers can't grasp the top of the scroll, it is likely too large. Of course, your teacher should be a great assistance in making certain the violin is the correct size.
